Three findings have to line up: citizenship of Canada or Mexico, a prearranged position within a profession named in USMCA Appendix 2, and satisfaction of the qualification rule that the particular profession carries. Permanent residence in Canada does not substitute for citizenship, and self-employment in the United States is not permitted in this classification.
Three findings, and each one can fail on its own
The three tests are independent, which is why a strong applicant can still be refused. Citizenship is proved by a passport or a citizenship certificate, and a permanent-resident card proves something else entirely. The position must fall inside the appendix, and the appendix is a list rather than a standard.
The qualification rule then belongs to the entry itself: some entries want a baccalaureate degree, some accept a post-secondary diploma with a stated number of years of experience, and some turn on a provincial or state licence. Hypothetical example: a Sainte-Cécile-de-Milton hatchery supervisor with a bachelor's degree in animal science is offered a breeder-flock role at an American hatchery. Poultry Scientist appears in the appendix within the scientist grouping and is met by a baccalaureate degree, so both the position and the person can be answered; had the same person been offered a barn-operations job, the position would have failed even though the degree did not.